Chapter 7

Batch Processing:	Accumulating transactions and feeding them into a computer in large batches	When copying files from one drive to another and many files are transferred at the same time
Browse:	The process of finding information in a database or other data source, such as the World Wide Web.	Browsing the internet with Internet Explorer
Centralized Database:	A database housed in a mainframe computer, accessible only to information-processing personnel.	Hard drives that store the customer’s details.
Client/Server:	Client programs in desktop computers send information requests through a network to server databases on mainframes, minicomputers, or desktop computers; the servers process queries and send the requested data back to the client.	Spreadsheets that hold information about clients such as address and names
Computer Fields:	In a database, a field containing formulas similar to spreadsheet formulas; they display values calculated from values in other numeric fields.	Age calculated based on current date minus birthyear
Data Mining:	The discovery and extraction of hidden predictive in formation from large databases.	Ctrl + F
Data Scrubbing (Data Cleansing):	The process of going through a database and eliminating records that contain errors.	Deleting certain records from a customer database
Data Warehouse:	An integrated collection of corporate data stored in one location.	Servers hold databases with all the client data stored in databases
Database:	A collection of information stored in an organized form in a computer.	Student Database with all the names, DOBs, Addresses,...
Database-Management System (DBMS):	A program or system of programs that can manipulate data in a large collection of files (the data base), cross-referencing between files as needed.	Microsoft Access
Database Program:	A software tool for organizing the storage and retrieval of the information in a database.	Microsoft Access
Dirty Data:	Data records with spelling mistakes, incorrect or obsolete values, or other errors.	Adam Gasdasdaierc
Distributed Database:	Data strewn out across networks on several different computers.	Torrent downloads
Export Data:	Transmitting records and fields from a database program to another program.	Sharing client records between stores
Field:	Each discrete chunk of information in a database record.	Name, DOB
Geographical Information System (GIS):	A specialized database that combines tables of data with demographic information and displays geographic and demographic data on maps.	Google earth (photo and location)
Identity Theft:	The crime, committed by hackers or other unscrupulous individuals, of obtaining enough information about a person to assume his or her identity, often as a prelude to illegally using the victim's credit cards.	Stealing another persons ID card, Passport, and therefore identity
Import Data:	To move data into a program from another program or source.	Importing pdf documents into word
Interactive Processing:	Interacting with data through terminals, viewing and changing values online in real time.
Object-Oriented Database:	Instead of storing records in tables and hierarchies, stores software objects that contain procedures (or instructions) with data.	Storing images according to location
Personal information manager (PIM):	A specialized database program that automates an address/phone book, an appointment calendar, a to-do list, and miscellaneous notes. Also called an electronic organizer.	Contacts on the iPhone
Privacy:	Freedom from unauthorized access to one's person, or to knowledge about one's person.
Query:	An information request.	Who was born in the year 1994?
Query Language:	A special language for performing queries, more precise than the English language.	SQL
Real Time:	When a computer performs tasks immediately.	Queries performed in real time
Record:	In a database, the information relating to one person, product, or event.	Adam Gierc (with DOB, Location, Nationality,…)
Record Matching:	Compiling profiles by combining information from different database files by looking for a shared unique field.
Relational Database:	A program that allows files to be related to each other so changes in one file are reflected in other files automatically.
Report:	A database printout that is an ordered list of selected records and fields in an easy-to-read form.	Print out Adam Gierc’s record
Right to Privacy:	Freedom from interference into the private sphere of a person's affairs.
Search:	Looking for a specific record.	Search: Adam Gierc
Select (records):	Looking for all records that match a set of criteria.
Sort:	Arrange records in alphabetic or numeric order based on values in one or more fields.	Sort Client Records alphabetically (names)
SQL:	A query language available for many different database management systems. More than a query language, SQL also accesses databases from a wide variety of vendors.
Table:	A grid of rows and columns; on many Web pages tables with hidden grids are used to align graphical images.	Table of measurements
XML:	A programming language for Web sites that includes all of HTML's features plus many additional programming extensions. XML enables Web developers to control and display data the way they control text and graphics.